The term Tank-to-Wheel (TTW) refers to a subrange in the energy chain of a vehicle that extends from the point at which energy is absorbed (charging point; fuel pump) to discharge (being on the move). … The generic term that subsumes Tank-to-Wheel and Well-to-Tank is Well-to-Wheel (WTW).

What is WTW analysis?

Well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis is an application of LCA which is used to compare drivetrains/vehicles from a global perspective. Offer et al., compared BEVs, hydrogen based FCEVs and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles based on their lifecycle costs.

What are WTT emissions?

A Well-to-Tank emissions factor, also known as upstream or indirect emissions, is an average of all the GHG emissions released into the atmosphere from the production, processing and delivery of a fuel or energy vector.

Well-to-Wheel (in short WtW) is the first step in comparing the efficiency of different solutions towards Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Those GHG emissions are so crucial to mitigate because simply put, they cause climate change.

What is KG CO2e?

“Carbon dioxide equivalent” or “CO2e” is a term for describing different greenhouse gases in a common unit. A quantity of GHG can be expressed as CO2e by multiplying the amount of the GHG by its GWP. E.g. if 1kg of methane is emitted, this can be expressed as 25kg of CO2e (1kg CH4 * 25 = 25kg CO2e).

emissions related to fuels: .1 Tank-to-propeller (total emissions from combustion on board a ship and potential. leakage) .2 Well-to-tank (total emissions of extracting raw materials, producing, and transporting. the fuel)

How is carbon converted to co2?

The atomic weight of carbon is 12 atomic mass units, while the weight of carbon dioxide is 44, because it includes two oxygen atoms that each weigh 16. So, to switch from one to the other, use the formula: One ton of carbon equals 44/12 = 11/3 = 3.67 tons of carbon dioxide.

What is Gt CO2 eq?

Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) stands for a unit based on the global warming potential (GWP) of different greenhouse gases. The CO2eq unit measures the environmental impact of one tonne of these greenhouse gases in comparison to the impact of one tonne of CO2.

TCO2 is a measure of carbon dioxide which exists in several states: CO2 in physical solution or loosely bound to proteins, bicarbonate (HCO3) or carbonate (CO3) anions, and carbonic acid (H2CO3). Measurement of TCO2 as part of an electrolyte profile is useful chiefly to evaluate HCO3 concentration.

What is the difference between CO2 and GHG?

CO2 refers to Carbon Dioxide, while CO2e stands for “Carbon Dioxide Equivalent” which includes CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Other greenhouse gases are methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone – all of which occur naturally in our atmosphere.